rf

Wireless

Channel Bonding and 802.11 Frame Types: Wide Channels, Puncturing, the MAC Header and Every Frame That Matters

How 20 MHz channels are bonded into 40, 80, 160 and 320 MHz channels — primary and secondary channels, dynamic bandwidth, preamble puncturing and the capacity trade-off — followed by the 802.11 MAC header, the four address fields, and management, control and data frames with reason codes and Wireshark filters.

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August 12, 2025
Wireless

RF Power and OFDM: dB Math, EIRP, Antennas, Link Budgets and How OFDM Carries Wi-Fi

The maths and physics behind Wi-Fi signals: dB and dBm, EIRP and ERP, antenna gain, types and patterns, received signal strength, noise floor and SNR, receiver sensitivity per MCS, free space path loss and wall attenuation, link budgets in both directions, and OFDM — subcarriers, orthogonality, guard intervals, pilots and how to calculate a data rate from first principles.

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August 12, 2025
Wireless

Wi-Fi Frequency Bands and Channels: 2.4, 5 and 6 GHz, UNII Sub-Bands, DFS and Power Rules

Wi-Fi's three frequency bands in depth: the 2.4 GHz ISM band and the 1-6-11 rule, 5 GHz UNII-1 to UNII-4 with DFS and weather-radar channels, 6 GHz UNII-5 to UNII-8 with preferred scanning channels and LPI/Standard Power/VLP power classes and AFC, channel numbering, regional differences, range versus capacity, and channel-planning guidance.

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August 12, 2025